History of the Czech Republic
Between about the 500s and 700s present-day Czech Republic became a destination for both Germanic people from the west and Slavs from the east, whom later created Bohemia in the late 800s. Bohemia (modern-day western Czech Republic) later emerged as a powerful state within the Holy Roman Empire.
In the 1200s Germans immigrated into the region, particularly the Sudetenland, but settled everywhere throughout the region of modern-day Czech Republic. Also in the 1200s the Mongols invaded and took much of Moravia (modern-day eastern Czech Republic). The 1300s were a reemergence of Bohemia's power, which expanded as much of Prague's famous architecture was built and Charles University was founded.
As the people began to convert to Protestantism in the 1500 and 1600s, they fell under Hapsburg rule and were forced to convert back to Catholicism. The next couple hundred years were not good for the region as they literally fell off the map, were battling the Turks, and rebellions arose between the ruling classes and the serfs. The region did little more than exist until World War I (WWI).